/lang/ - Languages
A Tower of Babel.
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[Classical Languages] [Ancient Languages] [History] [Philology] Classical Languages General
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Discuss classical/ancient languages here, including learning them, their corpora, the cultures that spoke them, etc.
Any language with an observable classical period is welcome. In other words, it's not just a "Latin and Greek" general.
Discuss classical/ancient languages here, including learning them, their corpora, the cultures that spoke them, etc.
Any language with an observable classical period is welcome. In other words, it's not just a "Latin and Greek" general.
>>1
Would you happen to know how PGmc affixes ending in <z> got turned into <r> in ON? Like, *‐Vgaz ‐> ‐Vgr, for example ‐ it also seems that the rest of the Germanic family dropped the ‐az part in favor for (at least modern‐day) ‐ich/ig
Would you happen to know how PGmc affixes ending in <z> got turned into <r> in ON? Like, *‐Vgaz ‐> ‐Vgr, for example ‐ it also seems that the rest of the Germanic family dropped the ‐az part in favor for (at least modern‐day) ‐ich/ig
>>6
>Would you happen to know how PGmc affixes ending in <z> got turned into <r> in ON?
Rhotacism. /z/ > /ʀ/ (or /r₂/) > /r/ (or /r₁/).
Primitive Old Norse had two /r/ phonemes (/r/ and /ʀ/ ‐ or /r₁/ and /r₂/ ‐ a primary and secondary /r/, if you will), of which one, /ʀ/, was the result of rhotacism of PGmc /z/. In the classical period (post‐Viking age, time of the Icelandic sagas etc), it had merged with /r/.
PGmc *hundaz > Proto‐Norse hundaʀ > ON hundʀ > hundr
(it also merged with /r/ after dentals before the total merge, which is observable in runic inscriptions)
We do not know the phonetic value of /ʀ/, sadly, and can only speculate. Runologists asserted it was a patalized r for centuries. Other suggestions include [ʐ] or even [ɹ], of which I'm more on board with the former. But we will never know. I say this because by /ʀ/ I do not mean IPA [ʀ]. It's just common convention in the field since the seconday /r/ is transcribed ⟨ʀ⟩, and has been since before IPA was invented anyway.
>Would you happen to know how PGmc affixes ending in <z> got turned into <r> in ON?
Rhotacism. /z/ > /ʀ/ (or /r₂/) > /r/ (or /r₁/).
Primitive Old Norse had two /r/ phonemes (/r/ and /ʀ/ ‐ or /r₁/ and /r₂/ ‐ a primary and secondary /r/, if you will), of which one, /ʀ/, was the result of rhotacism of PGmc /z/. In the classical period (post‐Viking age, time of the Icelandic sagas etc), it had merged with /r/.
PGmc *hundaz > Proto‐Norse hundaʀ > ON hundʀ > hundr
(it also merged with /r/ after dentals before the total merge, which is observable in runic inscriptions)
We do not know the phonetic value of /ʀ/, sadly, and can only speculate. Runologists asserted it was a patalized r for centuries. Other suggestions include [ʐ] or even [ɹ], of which I'm more on board with the former. But we will never know. I say this because by /ʀ/ I do not mean IPA [ʀ]. It's just common convention in the field since the seconday /r/ is transcribed ⟨ʀ⟩, and has been since before IPA was invented anyway.